TEXT 1
TEXT
maitreya uvaca
caramah sad-visesanam
aneko ‘samyutah sada
paramanuh sa vijneyo
nrnam aikya-bhramo yatah
SYNONYMS
maitreyah uvaca–Maitreya said; caramah–ultimate; sat–effect;
visesanam–symptoms; anekah–innumerable; asamyutah–unmixed; sada–
always; parama-anuh–atoms; sah–that; vijneyah–should be understood;
nrnam–of men; aikya–oneness; bhramah–mistaken; yatah–from which.
TRANSLATION
The material manifestation’s ultimate particle, which is indivisible
and not formed into a body, is called the atom. It exists always as an
invisible identity, even after the dissolution of all forms. The material
body is but a combination of such atoms, but it is misunderstood by the
TEXT 2
TEXT
sata eva padarthasya
svarupavasthitasya yat
kaivalyam parama-mahan
aviseso nirantarah
SYNONYMS
satah–of the effective manifestation; eva–certainly; pada-arthasya–
of physical bodies; svarupa-avasthitasya–staying in the same form even
to the time of dissolution; yat–that which; kaivalyam–oneness; parama–
the supreme; mahan–unlimited; avisesah–forms; nirantarah–eternally.
TRANSLATION
Atoms are the ultimate state of the manifest universe. When they stay
in their own forms without forming different bodies, they are called the
unlimited oneness. There are certainly different bodies in physical
forms, but the atoms themselves form the complete manifestation.
TEXT 3
TEXT
evam kalo ‘py anumitah
sauksmye sthaulye ca sattama
samsthana-bhuktya bhagavan
avyakto vyakta-bhug vibhuh
SYNONYMS
evam–thus; kalah–time; api–also; anumitah–measured; sauksmye–in
the subtle; sthaulye–in the gross forms; ca–also; sattama–O best;
samsthana–combinations of the atoms; bhuktya–by the motion; bhagavan–
the Supreme Personality of Godhead; avyaktah–unmanifested; vyakta-bhuk–
controlling all physical movement; vibhuh–the great potential.
TRANSLATION
One can estimate time by measuring the movement of the atomic
combination of bodies. Time is the potency of the almighty Personality of
Godhead, Hari, who controls all physical movement although He is not
visible in the physical world.
TEXT 4
TEXT
sa kalah paramanur vai
yo bhunkte paramanutam
sato ‘visesa-bhug yas tu
sa kalah paramo mahan
SYNONYMS
sah–that; kalah–eternal time; parama-anuh–atomic; vai–certainly;
yah–which; bhunkte–passes through; parama-anutam–the space of an atom;
satah–of the entire aggregate; avisesa-bhuk–passing through the nondual
exhibition; yah tu–which; sah–that; kalah–time; paramah–the supreme;
mahan–the great.
TRANSLATION
Atomic time is measured according to its covering a particular atomic
space. That time which covers the unmanifest aggregate of atoms is called
TEXT 5
TEXT
anur dvau paramanu syat
trasarenus trayah smrtah
jalarka-rasmy-avagatah
kham evanupatann agat
SYNONYMS
anuh–double atom; dvau–two; parama-anu–atoms; syat–become;
trasarenuh–hexatom; trayah–three; smrtah–considered; jala-arka–of
sunshine through the holes of a window screen; rasmi–by the rays;
avagatah–can be known; kham eva–towards the sky; anupatan agat–going
up.
TRANSLATION
The division of gross time is calculated as follows: two atoms make
one double atom, and three double atoms make one hexatom. This hexatom is
visible in the sunshine which enters through the holes of a window
TEXT 6
TEXT
trasarenu-trikam bhunkte
yah kalah sa trutih smrtah
sata-bhagas tu vedhah syat
tais tribhis tu lavah smrtah
SYNONYMS
trasarenu-trikam–combination of three hexatoms; bhunkte–as they take
time to integrate; yah–that which; kalah–duration of time; sah–that;
trutih–by the name truti; smrtah–is called; sata-bhagah–one hundred
trutis; tu–but; vedhah–called a vedha; syat–it so happens; taih–by
them; tribhih–three times; tu–but; lavah–lava; smrtah–so called.
TRANSLATION
The time duration needed for the integration of three trasarenus is
called a truti, and one hundred trutis make one vedha. Three vedhas make
TEXT 7
TEXT
nimesas tri-lavo jneya
amnatas te trayah ksanah
ksanan panca viduh kastham
laghu ta dasa panca ca
SYNONYMS
nimesah–the duration of time called a nimesa; tri-lavah–the duration
of three lavas; jneyah–is to be known; amnatah–it is so called; te–
they; trayah–three; ksanah–the duration of time called a ksana; ksanan-
-such ksanas; panca–five; viduh–one should understand; kastham–the
duration of time called a kastha; laghu–the duration of time called a
laghu; tah–those; dasa panca–fifteen; ca–also.
TRANSLATION
The duration of time of three lavas is equal to one nimesa, the
combination of three nimesas makes one ksana, five ksanas combined
TEXT 8
TEXT
laghuni vai samamnata
dasa panca ca nadika
te dve muhurtah praharah
sad yamah sapta va nrnam
SYNONYMS
laghuni–such laghus (each of two minutes); vai–exactly; samamnata–
is called; dasa panca–fifteen; ca–also; nadika–a nadika; te–of them;
dve–two; muhurtah–a moment; praharah–three hours; sat–six; yamah–one
fourth of a day or night; sapta–seven; va–or; nrnam–of human
calculation.
TRANSLATION
Fifteen laghus make one nadika, which is also called a danda. Two
dandas make one muhurta, and six or seven dandas make one fourth of a day
or night, according to human calculation.
TEXT 9
TEXT
dvadasardha-palonmanam
caturbhis catur-angulaih
svarna-masaih krta-cchidram
yavat prastha-jala-plutam
SYNONYMS
dvadasa-ardha–six; pala–of the scale of weight; unmanam–measuring
pot; caturbhih–by weight of four; catuh-angulaih–four fingers by
measure; svarna–of gold; masaih–of the weight; krta-chidram–making a
hole; yavat–as long as; prastha–measuring one prastha; jala-plutam–
filled by water.
TRANSLATION
The measuring pot for one nadika, or danda, can be prepared with a
six-pala-weight [fourteen ounce] pot of copper, in which a hole is bored
with a gold probe weighing four masa and measuring four fingers long.
When the pot is placed on water, the time before the water overflows in
TEXT 10
TEXT
yamas catvaras catvaro
martyanam ahani ubhe
paksah panca-dasahani
suklah krsnas ca manada
SYNONYMS
yamah–three hours; catvarah–four; catvarah–and four; martyanam–of
the human beings; ahani–duration of day; ubhe–both day and night;
paksah–fortnight; panca-dasa–fifteen; ahani–days; suklah–white;
krsnah–black; ca–also; manada–measured.
TRANSLATION
It is calculated that there are four praharas, which are also called
yamas, in the day and four in the night of the human being. Similarly,
fifteen days and nights are a fortnight, and there are two fortnights,
white and black, in a month.
TEXT 11
TEXT
tayoh samuccayo masah
pitrnam tad ahar-nisam
dvau tav rtuh sad ayanam
daksinam cottaram divi
SYNONYMS
tayoh–of them; samuccayah–aggregate; masah–month; pitrnam–of the
Pita planets; tat–that (month); ahah-nisam–day and night; dvau–two;
tau–months; rtuh–a season; sat–six; ayanam–the movement of the sun in
six months; daksinam–southern; ca–also; uttaram–northern; divi–in the
heavens.
TRANSLATION
The aggregate of two fortnights is one month, and that period is one
complete day and night for the Pita planets. Two of such months comprise
one season, and six months comprise one complete movement of the sun from
south to north.
TEXT 12
TEXT
ayane cahani prahur
vatsaro dvadasa smrtah
samvatsara-satam nrnam
paramayur nirupitam
SYNONYMS
ayane–in the solar movement (of six months); ca–and; ahani–a day of
the demigods; prahuh–it is said; vatsarah–one calendar year; dvadasa–
twelve months; smrtah–is so called; samvatsara-satam–one hundred years;
nrnam–of human beings; parama-ayuh–duration of life; nirupitam–is
estimated.
TRANSLATION
Two solar movements make one day and night of the demigods, and that
combination of day and night is one complete calendar year for the human
being. The human being has a duration of life of one hundred years.
TEXT 13
TEXT
graharksa-tara-cakra-sthah
paramanv-adina jagat
samvatsaravasanena
paryety animiso vibhuh
SYNONYMS
graha–influential planets like the moon; rksa–luminaries like
Asvini; tara–stars; cakra-sthah–in the orbit; parama-anu-adina–along
with the atoms; jagat–the entire universe; samvatsara-avasanena–by the
end of one year; paryeti–completes its orbit; animisah–the eternal
time; vibhuh–the Almighty.
TRANSLATION
Influential stars, planets, luminaries and atoms all over the universe
are rotating in their respective orbits under the direction of the
TEXT 14
TEXT
samvatsarah parivatsara
ida-vatsara eva ca
anuvatsaro vatsaras ca
viduraivam prabhasyate
SYNONYMS
samvatsarah–orbit of the sun; parivatsarah–circumambulation of
Brhaspati; ida-vatsarah–orbit of the stars; eva–as they are; ca–also;
anuvatsarah–orbit of the moon; vatsarah–one calendar year; ca–also;
vidura–O Vidura; evam–thus; prabhasyate–they are so told.
TRANSLATION
There are five different names for the orbits of the sun, moon, stars
One truti – 8.13,500 second
>One vedha – 8.135 second
>One lava – 8.45 second
>One nimesa – 8.15 second
>One ksana – 8.5 second
>One kastha – 8 seconds
>One laghu – 2 minutes
>One danda – 30 minutes
>One prahara – 3 hours
>One day – 2 hours
>One night – 12 hours
>One paksa – 15 days
Two paksas comprise one month, and twelve months comprise one calendar
year, or one full orbit of the sun. A human being is expected to live up
TEXT 15
TEXT
yah srjya-saktim urudhocchvasayan sva-saktya
pumso ‘bhramaya divi dhavati bhuta-bhedah
kalakhyaya gunamayam kratubhir vitanvams
tasmai balim harata vatsara-pancakaya
SYNONYMS
yah–one who; srjya–of creation; saktim–the seeds; urudha–in
various ways; ucchvasayan–invigorating; sva-saktya–by his own energy;
pumsah–of the living entity; abhramaya–to dissipate darkness; divi–
during the daytime; dhavati–moves; bhuta-bhedah–distinct from all other
material form; kala-akhyaya–by the name eternal time; guna-mayam–the
material results; kratubhih–by offerings; vitanvan–enlarging; tasmai–
unto him; balim–ingredients of offerings; harata–one should offer;
vatsara-pancakaya–offerings every five years.
TRANSLATION
O Vidura, the sun enlivens all living entities with his unlimited heat
and light. He diminishes the duration of life of all living entities in
order to release them from their illusion of material attachment, and he
enlarges the path of elevation to the heavenly kingdom. He thus moves in
the firmament with great velocity, and therefore everyone should offer
him respects once every five years with all ingredients of worship.
TEXT 16
TEXT
vidura uvaca
pitr-deva-manusyanam
ayuh param idam smrtam
paresam gatim acaksva
ye syuh kalpad bahir vidah
SYNONYMS
vidurah uvaca–Vidura said; pitr–the Pita planets; deva–the heavenly
planets; manusyanam–and that of the human beings; ayuh–duration of
life; param–final; idam–in their own measurement; smrtam–calculated;
paresam–of the superior living entities; gatim–duration of life;
acaksva–kindly calculate; ye–all those who; syuh–are; kalpat–from the
millennium; bahih–outside; vidah–greatly learned.
TRANSLATION
Vidura said: I now understand the life durations of the residents of
the Pita planets and heavenly planets as well as that of the human
beings. Now kindly inform me of the durations of life of those greatly
TEXT 17
TEXT
bhagavan veda kalasya
gatim bhagavato nanu
visvam vicaksate dhira
yoga-raddhena caksusa
SYNONYMS
bhagavan–O spiritually powerful one; veda–you know; kalasya–of the
eternal time; gatim–movements; bhagavatah–of the Supreme Personality of
Godhead; nanu–as a matter of course; visvam–the whole universe;
vicaksate–see; dhirah–those who are self-realized; yoga-raddhena–by
dint of mystic vision; caksusa–by the eyes.
TRANSLATION
O spiritually powerful one, you can understand the movements of
eternal time, which is the controlling form of the Supreme Personality of
Godhead. Because you are a self-realized person, you can see everything
TEXT 18
TEXT
maitreya uvaca
krtam treta dvaparam ca
kalis ceti catur-yugam
divyair dvadasabhir varsaih
savadhanam nirupitam
SYNONYMS
maitreyah uvaca–Maitreya said; krtam–the age of Satya; treta–the
age of Treta; dvaparam–the age of Dvapara; ca–also; kalih–the age of
Kali; ca–and; iti–thus; catuh-yugam–four millenniums; divyaih–of the
demigods; dvadasabhih–twelve; varsaih–thousands of years; sa-avadhanam-
-approximately; nirupitam–ascertained.
TRANSLATION
Maitreya said: O Vidura, the four millenniums are called the Satya,
Treta, Dvapara and Kali yugas. The aggregate number of years of all of
TEXT 19
TEXT
catvari trini dve caikam
krtadisu yatha-kramam
sankhyatani sahasrani
dvi-gunani satani ca
SYNONYMS
catvari–four; trini–three; dve–two; ca–also; ekam–one; krtaadisu–
in the Satya-yuga; yatha-kramam–and subsequently others;
sankhyatani–numbering; sahasrani–thousands; dvi-gunani–twice; satani–
hundreds; ca–also.
TRANSLATION
The duration of the Satya millennium equals 4,800 years of the years
of the demigods; the duration of the Dvapara millennium equals 2,400
TEXT 20
TEXT
sandhya-sandhyamsayor antar
yah kalah sata-sankhyayoh
tam evahur yugam taj-jna
yatra dharmo vidhiyate
SYNONYMS
sandhya–transitional period before; sandhya-amsayoh–and transitional
period after; antah–within; yah–that which; kalah–duration of time;
sata-sankhyayoh–hundreds of years; tam eva–that period; ahuh–they
call; yugam–millennium; tat-jnah–the expert astronomers; yatra–
wherein; dharmah–religion; vidhiyate–is performed.
TRANSLATION
The transitional periods before and after every millennium, which are
a few hundred years as aforementioned, are known as yuga-sandhyas, or the
conjunctions of two millenniums, according to the expert astronomers. In
those periods all kinds of religious activities are performed.
TEXT 21
TEXT
dharmas catus-pan manujan
krte samanuvartate
sa evanyesv adharmena
vyeti padena vardhata
SYNONYMS
dharmah–religion; catuh-pat–complete four dimensions; manujan–
mankind; krte–in the Satya-yuga; samanuvartate–properly maintained;
sah–that; eva–certainly; anyesu–in other; adharmena–by the influence
of irreligion; vyeti–declined; padena–by one part; vardhata–gradually
increasing proportionately.
TRANSLATION
O Vidura, in the Satya millennium mankind properly and completely
maintained the principles of religion, but in other millenniums religion
gradually decreased by one part as irreligion was proportionately
TEXT 22
TEXT
tri-lokya yuga-sahasram
bahir abrahmano dinam
tavaty eva nisa tata
yan nimilati visva-srk
SYNONYMS
tri-lokyah–of the three worlds; yuga–the four yugas; sahasram–one
thousand; bahih–outside of; abrahmanah–up to Brahmaloka; dinam–is a
day; tavati–a similar (period); eva–certainly; nisa–is night; tata–O
dear one; yat–because; nimilati–goes to sleep; visva-srk–Brahma.
TRANSLATION
Outside of the three planetary systems [Svarga, Martya and Patala],
the four yugas multiplied by one thousand comprise one day on the planet
of Brahma. A similar period comprises a night of Brahma, in which the
TEXT 23
TEXT
nisavasana arabdho
loka-kalpo ‘nuvartate
yavad dinam bhagavato
manun bhunjams catur-dasa
SYNONYMS
nisa–night; avasane–termination; arabdhah–beginning from; lokakalpah–
further creation of the three worlds; anuvartate–follows; yavat-
-until; dinam–the daytime; bhagavatah–of the lord (Brahma); manun–the
Manus; bhunjan–existing through; catuh-dasa–fourteen.
TRANSLATION
After the end of Brahma’s night, the creation of the three worlds
begins again in the daytime of Brahma, and they continue to exist through
the life durations of fourteen consecutive Manus, or fathers of mankind.TEXT 24
TEXT
svam svam kalam manur bhunkte
sadhikam hy eka-saptatim
SYNONYMS
svam–own; svam–accordingly; kalam–duration of life; manuh–Manu;
bhunkte–enjoys; sa-adhikam–a little more than; hi–certainly; ekasaptatim–
seventy-one.
TRANSLATION
Each and every Manu enjoys a life of a little more than seventy-one
sets of four millenniums.TEXT 25
TEXT
manvantaresu manavas
tad-vamsya rsayah surah
bhavanti caiva yugapat
suresas canu ye ca tan
SYNONYMS
manu-antaresu–after the dissolution of each and every Manu; manavah–
other Manus; tat-vamsyah–and their descendants; rsayah–the seven famous
sages; surah–devotees of the Lord; bhavanti–flourish; ca eva–also all
of them; yugapat–simultaneously; sura-isah–demigods like Indra; ca–
and; anu–followers; ye–all; ca–also; tan–them.
TRANSLATION
After the dissolution of each and every Manu, the next Manu comes in
order, along with his descendants, who rule over the different planets;
but the seven famous sages, and demigods like Indra and their followers,
such as the Gandharvas, all appear simultaneously with Manu.TEXT 26
TEXT
esa dainan-dinah sargo
brahmas trailokya-vartanah
tiryan-nr-pitr-devanam
sambhavo yatra karmabhih
SYNONYMS
esah–all these creations; dainam-dinah–daily; sargah–creation;
brahmah–in terms of the days of Brahma; trailokya-vartanah–revolution
of the three worlds; tiryak–animals lower than the human beings; nr–
human beings; pitr–of the Pita planets; devanam–of the demigods;
sambhavah–appearance; yatra–wherein; karmabhih–in the cycle of
fruitive activities.
TRANSLATION
In the creation, during Brahma’s day, the three planetary systems–
Svarga, Martya and Patala–revolve, and the inhabitants, including the
lower animals, human beings, demigods and Pitas, appear and disappear in
terms of their fruitive activities.
TEXT 27
TEXT
manvantaresu bhagavan
bibhrat sattvam sva-murtibhih
manv-adibhir idam visvam
avaty udita-paurusah
SYNONYMS
manu-antaresu–in each change of Manu; bhagavan–the Personality of
Godhead; bibhrat–manifesting; sattvam–His internal potency; svamurtibhih–
by His different incarnations; manu-adibhih–as Manus; idam–
this; visvam–the universe; avati–maintains; udita–discovering;
paurusah–divine potencies.
TRANSLATION
In each and every change of Manu, the Supreme Personality of Godhead
appears by manifesting His internal potency in different incarnations, as
Manu and others. Thus He maintains the universe by discovered power.
TEXT 28
TEXT
tamo-matram upadaya
pratisamruddha-vikramah
kalenanugatasesa
aste tusnim dinatyaye
SYNONYMS
tamah–the mode of ignorance, or the darkness of night; matram–an
insignificant portion only; upadaya–accepting; pratisamruddha-vikramah–
suspending all power of manifestation; kalena–by means of the eternal
kala; anugata–merged in; asesah–innumerable living entities; aste–
remains; tusnim–silent; dina-atyaye–at the end of the day.
TRANSLATION
At the end of the day, under the insignificant portion of the mode of
darkness, the powerful manifestation of the universe merges in the
darkness of night. By the influence of eternal time, the innumerable
living entities remain merged in that dissolution, and everything is
silent.TEXT 29
TEXT
tam evanv api dhiyante
loka bhur-adayas trayah
nisayam anuvrttayam
nirmukta-sasi-bhaskaram
SYNONYMS
tam–that; eva–certainly; anu–after; api dhiyante–are out of sight;
lokah–the planets; bhuh-adayah–the three worlds, Bhuh, Bhuvah and Svah;
trayah–three; nisayam–in the night; anuvrttayam–ordinary; nirmukta–
without glare; sasi–the moon; bhaskaram–the sun.
TRANSLATION
When the night of Brahma ensues, all the three worlds are out of
sight, and the sun and the moon are without glare, just as in the due
course of an ordinary night.TEXT 30
TEXT
tri-lokyam dahyamanayam
saktya sankarsanagnina
yanty usmana maharlokaj
janam bhrgv-adayo ‘rditah
SYNONYMS
tri-lokyam–when the spheres of the three worlds; dahyamanayam–being
set ablaze; saktya–by the potency; sankarsana–from the mouth of
Sankarsana; agnina–by the fire; yanti–they go; usmana–heated by the
warmth; mahah-lokat–from Maharloka; janam–to Janaloka; bhrgu–the sage
Bhrgu; adayah–and others; arditah–being so distressed.
TRANSLATION
The devastation takes place due to the fire emanating from the mouth
of Sankarsana, and thus great sages like Bhrgu and other inhabitants of
Maharloka transport themselves to Janaloka, being distressed by the
warmth of the blazing fire which rages through the three worlds below.
TEXT 31
TEXT
tavat tri-bhuvanam sadyah
kalpantaidhita-sindhavah
plavayanty utkatatopacanda-
vateritormayah
SYNONYMS
tavat–then; tri-bhuvanam–all the three worlds; sadyah–immediately
after; kalpa-anta–in the beginning of the devastation; edhita–inflated;
sindhavah–all the oceans; plavayanti–inundate; utkata–violent; atopa–
agitation; canda–hurricane; vata–by winds; irita–blown; urmayah–
waves.
TRANSLATION
At the beginning of the devastation all the seas overflow, and
hurricane winds blow very violently. Thus the waves of the seas become
ferocious, and in no time at all the three worlds are full of water.TEXT 32
TEXT
antah sa tasmin salila
aste ‘nantasano harih
yoga-nidra-nimilaksah
stuyamano janalayaih
SYNONYMS
antah–within; sah–that; tasmin–in that; salile–water; aste–there
is; ananta–Ananta; asanah–on the seat of; harih–the Lord; yoga–
mystic; nidra–sleep; nimila-aksah–eyes closed; stuya-manah–being
glorified; jana-alayaih–by the inhabitants of the Janaloka planets.
TRANSLATION
The Supreme Lord, the Personality of Godhead, lies down in the water
on the seat of Ananta, with His eyes closed, and the inhabitants of the
Janaloka planets offer their glorious prayers unto the Lord with folded
hands.TEXT 33
TEXT
evam-vidhair aho-ratraih
kala-gatyopalaksitaih
apaksitam ivasyapi
paramayur vayah-satam
SYNONYMS
evam–thus; vidhaih–by the process of; ahah–days; ratraih–by
nights; kala-gatya–advancement of time; upalaksitaih–by such symptoms;
apaksitam–declined; iva–just like; asya–his; api–although; paramaayuh–
duration of life; vayah–years; satam–one hundred.
TRANSLATION
Thus the process of the exhaustion of the duration of life exists for
every one of the living beings, including Lord Brahma. One’s life endures
for only one hundred years, in terms of the times in the different
planets.TEXT 34
TEXT
yad ardham ayusas tasya
parardham abhidhiyate
purvah parardho ‘pakranto
hy aparo ‘dya pravartate
SYNONYMS
yat–that which; ardham–half; ayusah–of the duration of life; tasya-
-his; parardham–a parardha; abhidhiyate–is called; purvah–the former;
para-ardhah–half of the duration of life; apakrantah–having passed; hi-
-certainly; aparah–the latter; adya–in this millennium; pravartate–
shall begin.
TRANSLATION
The one hundred years of Brahma’s life are divided into two parts, the
first half and the second half. The first half of the duration of
Brahma’s life is already over, and the second half is now current.TEXT 35
TEXT
purvasyadau parardhasya
brahmo nama mahan abhut
kalpo yatrabhavad brahma
sabda-brahmeti yam viduh
SYNONYMS
purvasya–of the first half; adau–in the beginning; para-ardhasya–of
the superior half; brahmah–Brahma-kalpa; nama–of the name; mahan–very
great; abhut–was manifest; kalpah–millennium; yatra–whereupon;
abhavat–appeared; brahma–Lord Brahma; sabda-brahma iti–the sounds of
the Vedas; yam–which; viduh–they know.
TRANSLATION
In the beginning of the first half of Brahma’s life, there was a
millennium called Brahma-kalpa, wherein Lord Brahma appeared. The birth
of the Vedas was simultaneous with Brahma’s birth.TEXT 36
TEXT
tasyaiva cante kalpo ‘bhud
yam padmam abhicaksate
yad dharer nabhi-sarasa
asil loka-saroruham
SYNONYMS
tasya–of the Brahma-kalpa; eva–certainly; ca–also; ante–at the end
of; kalpah–millennium; abhut–came into existence; yam–which; padmam–
Padma; abhicaksate–is called; yat–in which; hareh–of the Personality
of Godhead; nabhi–in the navel; sarasah–from the reservoir of water;
asit–there was; loka–of the universe; saroruham–lotus.
TRANSLATION
The millennium which followed the first Brahma millennium is known as
the Padma-kalpa because in that millennium the universal lotus flower
grew out of the navel reservoir of water of the Personality of Godhead,
Hari.TEXT 37
TEXT
ayam tu kathitah kalpo
dvitiyasyapi bharata
varaha iti vikhyato
yatrasic chukaro harih
SYNONYMS
ayam–this; tu–but; kathitah–known as; kalpah–the current
millennium; dvitiyasya–of the second half; api–certainly; bharata–O
descendant of Bharata; varahah–Varaha; iti–thus; vikhyatah–is
celebrated; yatra–in which; asit–appeared; sukarah–hog shape; harih–
the Personality of Godhead.
TRANSLATION
O descendant of Bharata, the first millennium in the second half of
the life of Brahma is also known as the Varaha millennium because the
Personality of Godhead appeared in that millennium as the hog
incarnation.TEXT 38
TEXT
kalo ‘yam dvi-parardhakhyo
nimesa upacaryate
avyakrtasyanantasya
hy anader jagad-atmanah
SYNONYMS
kalah–eternal time; ayam–this (as measured by Brahma’s duration of
life); dvi-parardha-akhyah–measured by the two halves of Brahma’s life;
nimesah–less than a second; upacaryate–is so measured; avyakrtasya–of
one who is unchanged; anantasya–of the unlimited; hi–certainly; anadeh-
-of the beginningless; jagat-atmanah–of the soul of the universe.
TRANSLATION
The duration of the two parts of Brahma’s life, as above mentioned, is
calculated to be equal to one nimesa [less than a second] for the Supreme
Personality of Godhead, who is unchanging and unlimited and is the cause
of all causes of the universe.TEXT 39
TEXT
kalo ‘yam paramanv-adir
dvi-parardhanta isvarah
naivesitum prabhur bhumna
isvaro dhama-maninam
SYNONYMS
kalah–the eternal time; ayam–this; parama-anu–atom; adih–beginning
from; dvi-parardha–two superdurations of time; antah–to the end;
isvarah–controller; na–never; eva–certainly; isitum–to control;
prabhuh–capable; bhumnah–of the Supreme; isvarah–controller; dhamamaninam–
of those who are body conscious.
TRANSLATION
Eternal time is certainly the controller of different dimensions, from
that of the atom up to the superdivisions of the duration of Brahma’s
life; but, nevertheless, it is controlled by the Supreme. Time can
control only those who are body conscious, even up to the Satyaloka or
the other higher planets of the universe.
TEXT 40
TEXT
vikaraih sahito yuktair
visesadibhir avrtah
andakoso bahir ayam
pancasat-koti-vistrtah
SYNONYMS
vikaraih–by the transformation of the elements; sahitah–along with;
yuktaih–being so amalgamated; visesa–manifestations; adibhih–by them;
avrtah–covered; anda-kosah–the universe; bahih–outside; ayam–this;
pancasat–fifty; koti–ten million; vistrtah–widespread.
TRANSLATION
This phenomenal material world is expanded to a diameter of four
billion miles, as a combination of eight material elements transformed
into sixteen further categories, within and without, as follows.TEXT 41
TEXT
dasottaradhikair yatra
pravistah paramanuvat
laksyate ‘ntar-gatas canye
kotiso hy anda-rasayah
SYNONYMS
dasa-uttara-adhikaih–with ten times greater thickness; yatra–in
which; pravistah–entered; parama-anu-vat–like atoms; laksyate–it (the
mass of universes) appears; antah-gatah–come together; ca–and; anye–in
the other; kotisah–clustered; hi–for; anda-rasayah–huge combination of
universes.
TRANSLATION
The layers or elements covering the universes are each ten times
thicker than the one before, and all the universes clustered together
appear like atoms in a huge combination.TEXT 42
TEXT
tad ahur aksaram brahma
sarva-karana-karanam
visnor dhama param saksat
purusasya mahatmanah
SYNONYMS
tat–that; ahuh–is said; aksaram–infallible; brahma–the supreme;
sarva-karana–all causes; karanam–the supreme cause; visnoh dhama–the
spiritual abode of Visnu; param–the supreme; saksat–without doubt;
purusasya–of the purusa incarnation; mahatmanah–of the Maha-Visnu.
TRANSLATION
The Supreme Personality of Godhead, Sri Krsna, is therefore said to be
the original cause of all causes. Thus the spiritual abode of Visnu is
eternal without a doubt, and it is also the abode of Maha-Visnu, the
origin of all manifestations.
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