Geethaa Saaram 11-21 to 11-25.

.sloham 11-21..Desihan sannithi..avathaara sthalam–thiru thannkaa-thooppil–1268,69 anantha soori-thooya pul-darbam–thooya darbam vallarntha edam.. yaagam pannum maraiyaallarkall eruntha edam..kidaambi appullar, nadaathoor ammaallidamum kattravar.. sarva dandra svadandarar–ek kaalathilum nadappavai therinthavar–singam pola..nihaanda mahaa desihan–niham-vedam vedaanda desihan..sarannagathi sriya gjasa dasaham, deebihai,, thilaham0nammperumaal.deebihai-villakku olli perumaallikku..erangi neeraadaum kinnaru.. 5 naadkall varadan enghu ezlunthu arullukiraar..saandamana thiru muha manndallam–singangaal eranndu pakam.edathu kaiyil grandam vaithu.. hayagreevar-thiru aaradana perumaall..nainaa acharyar kumarar thiru meni panni ezlunthu arulla panni erukiraar..

ami hi tvam sura-sangha vishanti
kecid bhitah pranjalayo grnanti
svastity uktva maharsi-siddha-sanghah
stuvanti tvam stutibhih puskalabhih

“All the hosts of demigods are surrendering before You and entering into You. Some of them, very much afraid, are offering prayers with folded hands. Hosts of great sages and perfected beings, crying “All peace!” are praying to You by singing the Vedic hymns.”

Arjuna further exclaims at the numerous Devas, Rishis and Siddhas worshiping the Lord. This sloka as well as the earlier ones give us the impression that many, apart from Arjuna, were viewing the Viswaroopam. Ami hi = all these, sura-sangha = groups of Devas, vishanti = are nearing, tvam = You [Sri Krishna]. Many Devas seeing the Viswaroopam, are arriving to worship. Kecid = [among those nearing] some are-avaril silar, bhita = with fear, pranjalaya = folded hands-kai kooppi konndu., grnanti = praise [the Lord]. Among the many Devas arriving to see the Viswaroopam of the Lord, some are praising the Lord with fear and folded hands [in respect]. Maharsi = great sages, siddha = accomplished persons, -evarkall paya padavillai-vuyarnthavarkall bruhu, kaishyabar sangha= in groups-koottam, svasti uktva = shouting ‘long live’ [பல்லாண்டு], stuti = praising words, pushkalabhi = replete [with praise]-nirambiya , stuvanti = praising-stotram pannuhiraarkall.By Devas, is meant Devas like Indra, Kubera, Varuna,etc.-velaikku thaan varuvaarkall-prayojanandarikall.. Maharishis means sages like Brghu, Kashyapa, Vasishta, etc. Siddhas indicate lord Brahma’s sons like Sanaka, Sanatkumara, Sanatsujata and Sanathana..evarkallum paartharkall-perumaiyai nantraha kaatta–para devathai evan yentru kaatta–svasthi-visvaroobam kaattum pothu yenna vanthu vidumo yentra parivi..jadaayu vueir pohum pothum pallaanndu vaazlanum yentru sonnathu pola..

Ramanuja’s Commentary . The demigods being exclusively from sattva-guna or the nature of goodness rejoice upon seeing Lord Krishna’s visvarupa or divine universal form and are awe inspired and enraptured. Some among them were frightened by the visvarupa terrifying aspect which was also wonderful and bowed down to it with folded hands offering eulogies of praise and prayers of supplication each according to their perceptions. Other great souls such as the Siddhas or perfected beings who have realised the higher and lower truths utter the benediction svastity meaning my there be all auspiciousness. The maharishis or liberated sages upon beholding the visvarupa loudly resound the words Jaya Jaya meaning all glory, all glory and spontaneously compose wonderful Sankrit hymns in glorification of it while performing sankirtan or congregational singing of the Supreme Lords Krishna’s visvarupa along with His transcendental names, forms, qualities and pastimes..

.sloham 11-22..thiru thankaa-villakku olli perumaal.. karum kal kattidam.. marahada valli thaayaar sannithi..deeba prahasar..thiru thann kaa-edam-kullirntha-azlahiya..thiru thangall divya desam vera–nintrathiru kolam angey–abaya hasdam–avan marahadam-evall marahadavalli.. otha thaayaar..brahma yaagam-pushkaram ponaar-theertha roobathil kaadshi-nymisaaranyam-kaadu roobam–vigrahathil sevika aasai-sadya vrada shedram–vanthaar-thavam, asuvumeda yaagam–sarasvathi kobam–eruttu aakkinaall.. villakku olli-chitirai-revathiyil thontrinaar evar..vuru thunnaitaha nadathi vaithaar..olli konndu artham paarkkalaam..

rudraditya vasavo ye ca sadhya
visve ’svinau marutas cosmapas ca
gandharva-yaksha-sura-siddha-sangha
viksante tvam vismitas caiva sarve

“All the various manifestations of Lord Shiva, the Adityas, the Vasus, the Sadhyas, the Visvedevas, the two Asvis, the Maruts, the forefathers, the Gandharvas, the Yakshas, the Asuras and the perfected demigods are beholding You in wonder.”

Sarve = all, vikshyanta = see, vismita = with wonder, tvam = You [Sri Krishna]. Everyone is viewing the Viswaroopam with wonder. Rudra = Rudras-11, aditya =Adityas-12, vasavo = Vasus [வசுக்கள் वसुनानी ],-8 sadhya = Sadhyas. Visve sadhya means all the Nityasuris [நித்தியசூரி] .-anaithu nithya soorikall..virajaikku appaal erukiravarkall. Asvinau = Two Aswini devas, maruta = 49 Maruts [wind gods] [ Indra fractured the foetus in Diti’s womb into Seven, and further fractured each of the Seven to another Seven, making 49 foetuses, by his vajra weapon]. Cosmapa = ancestors..-pithrus..Gandarva = sky bound Gandarvas, yaksha =Yakshas, sura = Devas, siddha = accomplished persons, sangha = in groups..koottathil thalaivar yentru munnam sonnaan..pinndam saappiduvarkall..aatma ..vuooshma baaga-pithru panghu pottu hiraarkall..viyappyaay paarkiraarkall…enmar yeer aruvar pathin oruvar..eruvar-aazlvaar paasuram-pola.-33 muk kodi prathi nithi..thangallaiyey avan thiru meniyil paarkkum vyappu !..

Ramanuja’s Commentary . The cosmapas equals ca and usmapah meaning the forefathers which belong to group of beings known as the pitris or the deified ancestors. The Taittirya Upanisad I.X beginning usma-bhagahi pitarah meaning the forefathers belong to the deified ancestors confirms this. Manu Samhita CCLXXXIV states that the deceased fathers are called Vasus, the deceased grandfathers are called Rudras and the deceased great-grandfathers are called Adityas..

.sloham 11-23..thiru thankaa-eranndu paasuram thiru mangai arulli erukiraar..thiru edum thaanndaham–andanar tham sinthanaiyaanai–mada killiyai vannangu hiraall.. para kaala naayahi–aasai pada–thaayaar paasuramaha –kilku namangall thettu vatharkku solluhirathu–pohira vueirai mrrdkum–alla pariya aar amuthai.. mulai kathirai –moovaa mo vulahum kadanthu–arangameya andananai–villakku olliyai marahathathi thiru tannkaa-thannaiyum kaatti kodukkum-mattravaiyum kaatti kodukkum..perumaal ethu pola-avanai avan arullaal therinthu kollhirom.. thiru thankaavil marahadam–yettram evanukku–siramathai pokka erukiraan–nintra thiru kolathudan-puthu vunnarchi peruvaar azlahaal..sva sroobam, mikka erai nilaiyum..eim porull arivu-jeevatma ennaiyaan adiyum vazli, virothi, adainthuanubavikka -arthapanchaha gjanam kaatti kodukiraan evan..villakku pota pola–vehhavil thiru maalai paadaketu-vallarthathanaal payan pettreyn–killiyai kai koopi vanngu hiraall..mayangi erunthavar villakku olli=vedam naangaay-vilakku olliyaay..abaya karam–thiru meniyum niraintha sothi vellam…vubaya naatchiyaaraiyum sevithom.

rupam mahat te bahu-vaktra-netram
maha-baho bahu-bahu-ru-padam
bahudaram bahu-damstra-karalam
drishtva lokah pravyathitas tathaham

“O mighty-armed one, all the planets with their demigods are disturbed at seeing Your great form, with its many faces, eyes, arms, thighs, legs, and bellies and Your many terrible teeth; and as they are disturbed, so am I.”

Drishtva =seeing [Viswaroopam of the Lord], loka = [all in this] World, pravyathita = are frightened-mihuntha nadukkam, tatha aham = same as I [Arjuna].–naanun payantheyn– yenna aacharyam yentru-puthusaa paarkira kuzlanthai pola..yennna vuruvam yentru….Te = Your [Sri Krishna’s], mahat = great, rupam = image [Viswaroopam], bahu = [with] many,aneha vaktra = faces,-thiru muham. netra = eyes, maha baho = Oh! the Lord with long hands-arjunan evanai koopiduhiraan–perum thada kaiyan… Bahu = [with] many, bahu = hands, uru = thighs, padam = legs, bahu = [with] many, udharam = stomachs, bahu [with] many, dhamshtra karalam = frightening canine teeth.-korai pallkall-payangaramana…nara simhanan pall pola..niraiya vayirukall-edai mattum ontru..serppathaal edai..payam kalantha nadukkam petraan.

Ramanuja’s Commentary .. The words bahu-damstra-karalam mean innumerable terrible teeth which was terrifying in appearance. The word lokah or worlds refers to the three types of beings inhabiting these worlds. Those who are benevolent, those who are inimical and those who are neutral. Almost all of them just like Arjuna were trembling in fright at the ferocity of Lord Krishna’s visvarupa or divine universal form...

sloham 11-24..naangu yugam-vellai- krutha ,sihappu, maan thallir pachi, neela meha syaamallan kali yugam..pavalla vannan sannithi-sihappu nirathil–bruhu-asvini devathai thavam–ashda prabandam-pillai perumaall iyengaar-thavalla-venney varnnan..amarnthathiru kolam–aadi seshan–abaya hasdam-gathai–ottiyaannam saathi konndu..varanna kalavai-pavalla valli naatchiyaar..

nabhah-sprsam diptam aneka-varnam
vyattananam dipta-visala-netram
drishtva hi tvam pravyathitantar-atma
dhrtim na vindami samam ca visno

“O all-pervading Vishnu, seeing You with Your many radiant colors touching the sky, Your gaping mouths, and Your great glowing eyes, my mind is perturbed by fear. I can no longer maintain my steadiness or equilibrium of mind.”

Arjuna addresses the Lord as Vishno. -villi sol-vyaabithu erukirathaal–Vishnu means pervading everywhere [व्याप्ति vyapti ]. The Viswaroopam is spread everywhere and so Arjuna addresses as Vishno! Nabah-sprsam = [the Lord’s] head is touching Paramapadam or Vaikuntam, diptam = illuminating,-olli viduhira- aneka varnam = many colors, vyatta = wide opened, ananam = mouth,-thirantha vaay. dipta = bright, visala = largeparanthu, virintha , netram = eyes, tvam = [such described] You [Sri Krishna], drishtva = having seen, pravyathita = frightened or trembling, antar-atma = conscience or mind,-nadungiya vullam. dhritam na vindami= [Arjuna] can not support [his body],-tharithu nirkka mudiya villai samam = [Arjuna’s mind] equilibrium. Nabha means sky and sparsm is touching.-aahaayathai thottu konndu erukkum thiru meni–ner artham.. So it should mean the Lord’s body was touching the sky. yenghum vyaabithaan yentrathaal-But the great commentators interpreted this to mean the Lord’s image was touching the Paramapadam or Vaikuntam..Upanishads say tad vishnor paramam padam sada pasyanti sooraya: [in that supreme place of Vishnu, Nityasuris are constantly viewing the Lord – even without winking]..vishnu yentru koottathaal sri vaikunndam yentra artham…koba agni, ratha, naakku sihappy hiranyanai. anthiyam pothu–yellaa sihappu varnnam..muthu pal virisai –vellai. neela mayam ..maiyaar karum kanni.. aneha varannam.pravaallam-pavallam.. vaay pillanthu erukirathu..vunndu vummizla..vyasala kannkall..neennda ap periyavaaya kannkall..

Ramanuja’s Commentary ..Lord Krishna is addressed as Vishnu or He which is all pervading. The words nabhah means the firmament above and is in reference to the parama-vyoma which is the supreme region beyond even the heavenly planets and celestial spheres which are still subject to prakriti or the material substratum pervading physical existence consisting of the three gunas or modes of material nature being passion, goodness and ignorance. Several examples are given in the Vedic scriptures such as tad akshate parame vyoman meaning high above in the imperishable firmament, aditya-varnam tamasah parastat meaning the golden firmament beyond all ignorance, kshyantam asya rajasa parake meaning the refuge beyond the mode of passion, yo asy-alhyaksha parame vyoman meaning He which controls all in the sublime firmament. To use the two words nabhah-sprsam means pervading the firmament and denotes that Lord Krishna’s visvarupa or divine universal form is infinite and the shelter of all the modifications found in prakriti or the material substratum pervading all physical existence. The words pravyathita-antah- atma means extremely agitated mind and substantiates why Arjuna is unable to be dhritim composed and feel saman or peaceful. This was due to witnessing the terrifying awful apparition aspect of the visvarupa which made his mind recoil, his limbs quiver uncontrolled and all his senses aghast.

..sloham 11-25..pachai vannar kovil–thiru meniyey pachai-nintra thiru kolam..maragavalli naatchiyaar–adangina maathiri sevai-lakshmi yandram meley thaayaar- athiley vaasam pannukiraall.aadi sesham villakku–nithyamaay-lakshmannaney pola..raman, seethai ..pangathaay-pavalla vanna yenguthaay–emberumaan vunnai naadi ezliyeyn–pani varai-thiru malai, badrii pola-olli manni vannaa yengu vuttraay-yenkiraar–kai neettu hiraar–dasaranan pulambuhiraan-kannkall avan pinney ponathu–raamaa yenguttraay- yenbathu pola–emberumaan-swaami–naam sothu– sothai avan thaan meedkkanum–sothu swamiyai thedalaamaa ?..karma, gjana, bakthi yogam theriyatha ezlai–thisaiyey theriya villai theduhiraar aazlvaar.. arjunanum ethey kellvi kedkiraan..

damstra-karalani ca te mukhani
drishtvaiva kalanala-sannibhani
diso na jane na labhe ca sarma
prasida devesa jagan-nivasa

“O Lord of lords, O refuge of the worlds, please be gracious to me. I cannot keep my balance seeing thus Your blazing deathlike faces and awful teeth. In all directions I am bewildered.”

He addresses the Lord as Devesa and Jagan-nivasa. -jagadukku vaasathalam avan !Devesa = Leader of Devas,-villi sirkall.-nivasa = having the Universe in Him. He is the Commander of Devas. We name our houses as Nivasam; but, This Nivasam is very huge and the entire Universe is accommodated in it. Damshtra-karalani = frightening teeth, te = [in] Your [Sri Krishna’s], mukhani = various faces, drishtva =seeing, eva = and so. That is, just by seeing the teeth and faces of the Lord’s image in Viswaroopam, Arjuna is frightened. Neither he nor the Lord touched each other. Still, he feels afraid.-paarthathukkey payantheyn .. Kala = doomsday-vuuzli kaalam, anala =fire, sannibhani = like [faces]. Arjuna sees doomsday fire like faces or faces raging with doomsday fire, and frightening teeth. Disa =directions,-thisaikalley na jane = not knowing-theriya villai….–thisaikalley theriyaamal thihaikiraan !..yengutttraay vunnai naadi yentru Aazlvaar arulliyathu pola..Sarma = comfort or happiness-suham, na labhe = not got. That is, he is sorrowing, out of fear-thukkapattu erukiraan… Prasida = have mercy [on Arjuna],-arull purivaay.. Devaesa, Jagan nivasa! Why should Arjuna plead for mercy on him? Was the Lord about to punish Arjuna? No. Arjuna requests the Lord to mercifully eliminate his fear! -anugrahithu, payam neekki arull pannanum..Jagan-nivasa means supporter of the Universe-aathaaram avan.. . Entire Universe is seen in the Viswaroopam. That means this coutry Bharatthe place Kurukshetra, battle field and the warriors must also be seen. Arjuna also must be seen. In that case is Arjuna now on the body of the Lord or is he still by the side of the chariot in the battle field? Arjuna saw all including himself and other warriors on the image of the Lord; and also, all, including Arjuna..seraathathai serkiravan–aal elai thalliril sayanitha thu pola..entha thallir vulleyum erukkaa ? velliyilaa ?..arjunan jeyikka pohiraan yenbathaiyum paarthu kollalaam!..

Ramanuja’s Commentary. Viewing the phenomenal panorama of forms and terrifying visages in active mode of Lord Krishna’s visvarupa or divine universal form which was blazing flames in all directions was terrible and horrifying like the fires of annihilation during the cataclysm at the time of universal destruction. Arjuna being extremely afflicted beseeched Lord Krishna with the word devasa denoting O’ Lord of Brahma and Siva and the words jagan-nivasan O’ refuge of the universe and then supplicated Lord Krishna with the word prasida or be merciful and return his normal human vision so that he would be able to regain his equilibrium and composure again.

So the Supreme Lord Krishna exhibiting His visvarupa demonstrated how it manifested from Him, functioned through Him and existed within Him. He will now show to Arjuna how by His indomitable will He will bring about the destruction of Duryodhana and all the Kauravas along with all the demons in the guise of kings fighting with them. Also He will also show the destruction of all those possessed of asuric or demoniac nature that may be fighting for kings in the army of the Pandavas, so that Bhumi-devi or Mother Earth will be rid of such a burden. At this time Arjuna began to see with the divine vision bequeathed by Lord Krishna how all the hosts of the Kaurava army met with their destruction and by who although the actual event had not yet transpired.

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